Function and Composition of Understory Vegetation: Recent Advances and Trends
-
摘要: 林下植被作为森林生态系统的一个重要组成部分, 在维护森林多样性、推动森林生态系统流程和功能中扮演着重要的角色。目前, 关于林下植被的研究已有上百年历史, 其中在森林群落分类、更新演替、养分循环及稳定生产力等方面做了大量研究。文中从林下植被的定义及其组成、演替和功能等方面综述了近年来林下植被的研究进展, 并探讨了如何综合研究演替以及干扰对林下植被组成的影响、林下植被对气候变化的可能响应以及如何将林下植被作用及功能的研究理论应用于近自然人工林建设和管理实践中。Abstract: Understory vegetation, as an indispensable part of forest ecosystems, plays an important role in maintaining forest biodiversity, promoting forest ecosystem processes and multiplying functions. The study on understory vegetation has been carried out for more than 100 years, and a large amount of work has been done with regard to the forest community classification, regeneration and succession, nutrient cycling and stable productivity. The paper reviewed the recent advances on the study of understory vegetation in terms of its definitions, components, ecological functions and succession. And we also discussed how to carry out integrative research on the effect of succession and interference on the undergrowth vegetation composition, the possible response of undergrowth vegetation to climate change and how to apply the research results of undergrowth role and function to the construction and management practices of near-nature plantation.
-
Key words:
- understory vegetation /
- succession /
- interference /
- function composition /
- biodiversity /
- near-nature forest
-
表 1 林下植被分组和阈值的定义
-
[1] Chastain Jr R A, Currie W S, Townsend P A. Carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling implications of the evergreen understory layer in Appalachian forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 231(1): 63-77. doi: 10.1016-j.foreco.2006.04.040/ [2] 王瑞华, 葛晓敏, 唐罗忠.林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用研究进展[J].世界林业研究, 2014, 27(1):43-48. http://www.sjlyyj.com/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140108&journal_id=sjlyyj [3] Jenkins M D. Assessing biodiversity status and sustainability[M]. Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Press, 1996. [4] Johnson S E, Mudrak E L, Waller D M. A comparison of sampling methodologies for long-term forest vegetation monitoring in the Great Lakes Network National Parks[R]. Wisconsin-Madison, USA: Great Lakes Network Office, 2006. [5] Gilliam F S.The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in temperate forest ecosystems[J]. Bioscience, 2007, 57(10): 845-858. doi: 10.1641/B571007 [6] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J M H. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment[J]. Nature, 2006, 441(7093): 629-632. doi: 10.1038/nature04742 [7] MacLean D A, Wein R W. Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1977, 55(22): 2818-2831. doi: 10.1139/b77-320 [8] Gunnarsson B, Hake M, Hultengren S. A functional relationship between species richness of spiders and lichens in spruce[J]. Biodiversity & Conservation, 2004, 13(4): 685-693. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ029819747 [9] 褚建民, 卢琦, 崔向慧, 等.人工林林下植被多样性研究进展[J].世界林业研究, 2007, 20(3):9-13. http://www.sjlyyj.com/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20070302&journal_id=sjlyyj [10] Hubbard W G, Latt C, Long A. Forest terminology for multiple-use management: SS-FOR-11[R]. Florida, USA: University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 1998: 1-16. [11] Granke O. Assessment of ground vegetation: ForestBIOTA work report[R]. Hamburg, Germany: Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, 2006: 1-20. [12] Smith G, Gittings T, Wilson M, et al. Assessment of biodiversity at different stages of the forest cycle[J]. Bioforest Project, 2005, 3(2):1-200. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f8dd36a7d13fb3cbd1c2ac9ec99b29c7&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [13] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Global forest resources assessment update: terms and definitions (final version): working paper 83 [R]. Rome: Forest Resources Assessment Programme, 2004: 1-34. [14] Eyre T J, Kelly A L, Neldner V J. Methodology for the establishment and survey of reference sites for BioCondition[M]. Queensland, Australia: Department of Environment and Resource Management, 2011:1-48. [15] Alberdi I, Condés S, Martínez-Millán J. Review of monitoring and assessing ground vegetation biodiversity in national forest inventories[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010, 164(1/2/3/4): 649-676. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ0215982873 [16] Walker L R, Del Moral R. Primary succession and ecosystem rehabilitation[M]. UK:Cambridge University Press, 2003. [17] Sykes J M, Lowe V P W, Briggs D R. Some effects of afforestation on the flora and fauna of an upland sheepwalk during 12 years after planting[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1989, 26(1): 299-320. doi: 10.2307/2403669 [18] Zavala M A, Espelta J M, Caspersen J, et al. Interspecific differences in sapling performance with respect to light and aridity gradients in Mediterranean pine-oak forests: implications for species coexistence[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2011, 41(7): 1432-1444. doi: 10.1139/x11-050 [19] 缪宁, 周珠丽, 史作民, 等.岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落结构和物种多样性的演替动态[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(3):1-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2014.03.001 [20] 杨立学, 孙跃志.不同林龄胡桃楸林下植物多样性的差异[J].生态学杂志, 2013, 32(4): 807-812. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxzz201304003 [21] Lindenmayer D B, Margules C R, Botkin D B. Indicators of biodiversity for ecologically sustainable forest management[J]. Conservation Biology, 2000, 14(4): 941-950. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98533.x [22] Harrington T B, Edwards M B. Understory vegetation, resource availability, and litterfall responses to pine thinning and woody vegetation control in longleaf pine plantations[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1999, 29(7): 1055-1064. doi: 10.1139/x99-118 [23] Son Y, Lee Y Y, Jun Y C, et al. Light availability and understory vegetation four years after thinning in a Larix leptolepis plantation of central Korea[J]. Journal of Forest Research, 2004, 9(2): 133-139. doi: 10.1007/s10310-003-0071-x [24] 安云, 丁国栋, 梁文俊, 等.间伐对华北土石山区油松林生长及其林下植被发育的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2012, 19(4): 86-90. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbcyj201204018 [25] 于立忠, 朱教君, 孔祥文, 等.人为干扰(间伐)对红松人工林林下植物多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(11): 3757-3764. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.11.031 [26] 李瑞霞, 闵建刚, 彭婷婷, 等.间伐对马尾松人工林植被物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 41(3): 61-68. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xbnydxxb201303011 [27] Griffis K L, Crawford J A, Wagner M R, et al. Understory response to management treatments in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 146(1): 239-245. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ022230735 [28] Lindh B C, Muir P S. Understory vegetation in young Douglas-fir forests: does thinning help restore old-growth composition?[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 192(2): 285-296. doi: 10.1016-j.foreco.2004.01.018/ [29] Attiwill P M. The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1994, 63(2): 247-300. doi: 10.1016-0378-1127(94)90114-7/ [30] Rees D C, Juday G P. Plant species diversity on logged versus burned sites in central Alaska[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 155(1): 291-302. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ023564970 [31] 张玉红, 覃炳醒, 孙铭隆, 等.林火对大兴安岭典型林型林下植被与土壤的影响[J].北京林业大学学报, 2012, 34(2): 7-13. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bjlydxxb201202003 [32] Moore W H, Swindel B F, Terry W S. Vegetative response to prescribed fire in a north Florida flatwoods forest[J]. Journal of Range Management, 1982, 35(3): 386-389. doi: 10.2307/3898325 [33] Wardle D A, Zackrisson O, Nilsson M C. The charcoal effect in Boreal forests: mechanisms and ecological consequences[J]. Oecologia, 1998, 115(3): 419-426. doi: 10.1007/s004420050536 [34] Reich P B, Walters M B, Ellsworth D S. From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997, 94(25): 13730-13734. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13730 [35] 张昌顺, 李昆.人工林养分循环研究现状与进展[J].世界林业研究, 2005, 18(4): 35-39. http://www.sjlyyj.com/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20050407&journal_id=sjlyyj [36] 何斌, 秦武明, 余浩光, 等.不同年龄阶段马占相思(Acacia mangium)人工林营养元素的生物循环[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(12): 5158-5167. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.12.025 [37] 冯宗炜, 陈楚莹, 王开平, 等.亚热带杉木纯林生态系统中营养元素的积累、分配和循环的研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1985, 9(4):245-256. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK000005091325 [38] 何艺玲, 傅懋毅.人工林林下植被的研究现状[J].林业科学研究, 2002, 15(6):727-733. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2002.06.015 [39] Muller R N. Nutrient relations of the herbaceous layer in deciduous forest ecosystems[M]// Gilliam F S, Roberts M R (eds). The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern north America. Oxford University Press, 2003: 15-37. [40] Zhao L, Hu Y L, Lin G G, et al. Mixing effects of understory plant litter on decomposition and nutrient release of tree litter in two plantations in Northeast China[J]. Plos One, 2013, 8(10): e76334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076334 [41] 杨昆, 管东生.林下植被的生物量分布特征及其作用[J].生态学杂志, 2006, 25(10): 1252-1256. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2006.10.019 [42] 何圣嘉, 谢锦升, 杨智杰, 等.南方红壤丘陵区马尾松林下水土流失现状, 成因及防治[J].中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(6): 65-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2011.06.011 [43] 佘济云, 曾思齐.低效马尾松水保林林下植被及生态功能恢复研究:Ⅱ.恢复成效的分析与评价[J].中南林业调查规划, 2002, 21(3): 1-3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6075.2002.03.001 [44] 王兴连. 长汀马尾松林不同地表覆盖度对水土保持效果的影响[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2013. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10022-1013213903.htm [45] 卢程隆, 黄炎和, 郑添发, 等.闽东南花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀的研究[J].水土保持通报, 1990, 10(2): 41-48. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK000002876189 [46] 李钢, 梁音, 曹龙熹.次生马尾松林下植被恢复措施的水土保持效益[J].中国水土保持科学, 2012, 10(6): 25-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2012.06.005 [47] Lang R D.地面覆盖对冈尼达放牧径流小区土壤流失的影响[J].水土保持科技情报, 1988, 1(2): 7-9. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=stbk198801008&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [48] Mishra A K, Behera S K, Singh K, et al. Effect of abiotic factors on understory community structures in moist deciduous forests of northern India[J]. Forest Science and Practice, 2013, 15(4): 261-273. doi: 10.1007/s11632-013-0415-3 [49] Kuehne C, Puettmann K J. Natural regeneration in thinned Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon[J]. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 2008, 27(3): 246-274. doi: 10.1080/10549810802256221 [50] Germino M J, Smith W K, Resor A C. Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine-treeline ecotone[J]. Plant Ecology, 2002, 162(2): 157-168. doi: 10.1023/A:1020385320738 [51] 秦树高, 吴斌, 张宇清.林草复合系统地上部分种间互作关系研究进展[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(13): 3616-3627. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201013028 [52] Nilsson M C, Zackrisson O, Sterner O, et al. Characterisation of the differential interference effects of two boreal dwarf shrub species[J]. Oecologia, 2000, 123(1): 122-128. doi: 10.1007/s004420050997 [53] Wardle D A, Hörnberg G, Zackrisson O, et al. Long-term effects of wildfire on ecosystem properties across an island area gradient[J]. Science, 2003, 300(5621): 972-975. doi: 10.1126/science.1082709 [54] Lehman C L, Tilman D. Biodiversity, stability, and productivity in competitive communities[J]. The American Naturalist, 2000, 156(5): 534-552. doi: 10.1086/303402 [55] Naeem S, Li S. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability[J]. Nature, 1997, 390(6659): 507-509. doi: 10.1038/37348 [56] 陆元昌.近自然森林经营的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006. [57] 陆元昌, 张守攻, 雷相东, 等.人工林近自然化改造的理论基础和实施技术[J].世界林业研究, 2009, 22 (1): 20-27. http://www.sjlyyj.com/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20090105&journal_id=sjlyyj [58] Bergeron Y, Leduc A, Harvey B D, et al. Natural fire regime: a guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest[J]. Silva Fennica, 2002, 36(1): 81-95. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=9629e175cb70a600f84918c372a86ac7&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [59] 罗应华, 孙冬婧, 林建勇, 等.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对植物自然更新及物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(19):6154-6162. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201319027 [60] 张象君, 王庆成, 王石磊, 等.小兴安岭落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学, 2011, 47(1): 6-14. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/lykx201101002 [61] 杨昆, 管东生.森林林下植被生物量收获的样方选择和模型[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(2): 705- 714. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.02.035 [62] 延晓冬, 赵士洞, 于振良.中国东北森林生长演替模拟模型及其在全球变化研究中的应用[J].植物生态学报, 2000, 24(1):1-8. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2000.01.001 [63] 王邵军, 阮宏华.全球变化背景下森林生态系统碳循环及其管理[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2011, 35(2):113-116. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/njlydxxb201102024 [64] 刘世荣, 常建国, 孙鹏森.森林水文学:全球变化背景下的森林与水的关系[J].植物生态学报, 2007, 31(5):753-756. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zwstxb200705001 [65] Zhang Y, Zhou G.Exploring the effects of water on vegetation change and net primary productivity along the IGBP Northeast China Transect[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 62 (7):1481-1490. doi: 10.1007/s12665-010-0632-1 -

计量
- 文章访问数: 3405
- HTML全文浏览量: 73
- PDF下载量: 2217
- 被引次数: 0