Support System for Forestry-related Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Policy in Japan and Its Implications
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摘要: 我国是一个林业灾害多发、频发的国家, 森林火灾、有害植物入侵、病虫鼠害、雨雪冰冻、洪水、滑坡、泥石流等各种灾害时有发生, 给森林资源和林业产业造成巨大威胁。日本灾害预防和救治管理体系完善, 经验值得借鉴。文中概述了日本防灾管理的法律体系和预算体系, 重点阐述了日本林业防灾预算体系、重大灾害防治制度和重大灾害追加预算制度, 针对我国林业防灾体系建设提出应完善法律体系和政策支持体系、建立林业灾害管理等级制度等建议。Abstract: China is subject to frequent forestry-related disasters, and various forestry-related disasters such as forest fires, exotic plant invasion, pests and diseases, rodents, snow and freezing weather, flooding, landslides, etc. have brought on huge threats to forest resources and forestry industry. Japan has a sound disaster prevention and mitigation system in place, which is worthwhile to learn. The paper introduced the legislation system and budget system for disaster prevention management, with the focus on budget system for forestry-related disaster prevention, prevention and mitigation system for significant forestry-related disasters and additional budget adding system for significant disaster prevention. Based on the need to build the forestry-related disaster prevention system in China, the authors proposed to improve legislative regime and policy support system and to establish the rating system for forestry-related disaster management.
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Key words:
- forestry disaster /
- disaster prevention and mitigation policy /
- budget system /
- Japan
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表 1 日本2006—2012年林野厅年度基础预算
表 2 日本重大灾害认定标准(林业相关部分)
表 3 日本局地重大灾害认定标准(林业相关部分)
表 4 日本重大灾害灾后恢复国家补助标准
表 5 东日本大震灾林业灾后恢复与重建2011年度财政追加预算补助项目及补助比例
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