Abstract: The policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) in China is an innovative initiative launched by Chinese government to alleviate poverty through ecological conservation, which is a vivid practice to the concept that lucid water and lush mountain are invaluable assets. It has achieved the win-win goals of poverty alleviation and ecological conservation. In 2022, NO.1 Central Document explicitly proposed that the policy of EFRs should be optimized and adjusted. At the same time, after the complete victory against poverty, the focus of EFRs policy in China should stand above the objectives of alleviating poverty through ecological compensation, and the overarching requirements that are to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation and effectively connect them with rural revitalization also make it more urgent to adjust the EFRs policy in time. This paper summarizes the theoretical framework of the EFRs policy and analyzes its implementation mechanism and effectiveness. Based on the field investigation, the problems faced by the EFRs policy are discussed, including restraint in forest ranger candidates qualification, unbalanced distribution of forest ranger quota, lack of income guarantee and incentive mechanism, narrow source of funding, unsound supervision and assessment mechanism, and the low capacity of EFRs. At the end, relevant countermeasures for the dynamic adjustment of the EFRs policy are put forward.